Syllabuses
Researchers Reveal the Secrete of Nonrandom DNA Seg-regation in Human Cells
Medical Microbiology and Human Parasitology
Course Number: 18121160
Prerequisites: one college-level course in biology, one in biochemistry and one in immunology
Credits (hours per week, Lecture/Practical): 5 (4-2)
Year: 2nd year 1st semester
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course is divided into two independent ones: medical microbiology and human parasitology. The course of medical microbiology will cover the major groups of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and fungi. It introduces the characteristics of microorganisms, microbial genetics/heredity and variation, parthenogenesis and body responses, diagnostic medical microbiology and clinical correlation. The course of human parasitology introduces the morphological features, life cycle outlines and main harm of the parasites in human beings and vector-arthropods.
OBJECTIVES:
Knowledge
At the end of the course, students shall gain an understanding of:
1. The concepts of microbial structure, replication or growth, and pathogenicity.
2. Mechanisms of medical important microbial diseases.
3. The morphological features and life cycle outlines of parasites in human beings and vector-arthropods.
4. The host parasite relationship.
Skills
At the end of the course, students shall:
1. Gain basic microbiologic techniques such as use of a microscope, inoculate and cultivate bacteria.
2. Be familiar with laboratory procedures to identify and check the antibiotic sensitivities of various infectious agents.
3. Master the basic technology for common parasite examination.
COURSE CONTENT:
Lectures
The lecture content is organized around the textbook, Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology (LANGE Basic Science, 22nd edition) and Human Parasitology ( Academic Press, 2nd edition) as follows:
I. Introduction to Microbiology 0.5 hr
1. Concept, distribution of microbes and their relationship with human beings
2. Classification of microbes; the different features of eukaryotes and prokaryotes
3. Concept, history and development of medical microbiology and its roles in nature science and medicine
II. Bacteriology
Fundamentals of bacteriology 13.5 hr
1. Bacterial cell structure 3.5 hr
- Optical methods and staining
- Bacterial morphology, size
- General structures
- Component and function of cell well and characteristics of Gram positive versus Gram negative bacteria, wall-less forms of bacteria
- Important bacteria structures: plasmids, flagella, pili, capsules and spores
2. Classification of Bacteria 0.5 hr
3. The Growth, Survival, & Death of Microorganism 1.5 hr
- Single cell growth dynamics, population cell growth dynamics/growth curve
- Sterilization, disinfection, bacteriostasis, antisepsis, asepsis: definitions and various methods
4. Cultivation of Microorganism 0.5 hr
- Growth requirements
5. Microbial Metabolism 1.5 hr
- Catabolic products and biochemical testing
- Synthetic Products and their medical importance
6. Microbial Genetics/heredity and variation of bacteria 2 hr
- Mutation of bacteria
- Mechanisms for bacterial gene transfer: transformation, transduction, conjugation
7. Normal flora & opportunistic infectious & hospital acquired infections 0.5 hr
8. Parthenogenesis of bacteria infection and body responses 3 hr
- Identifying bacteria that cause disease/Koch’s postulates
- Original and development of bacterial infection: source of infection, transmission of bacteria, types of bacterial infection
- Bacterial virulence factors: adhesion, penetration and spread, survival in the host, tissue injury (Exotoxins, endotoxins, immunopathology)
9. Overview of bacterial identification 0.5 hr
- Sample collection, isolation/pure culture, identification/microscopy and biochemical, classification (species, type), susceptibility to antibiotics
Medical important microbes and associated diseases: 12 hr
Emphases will be given on: biological characteristics, virulent factors & clinical findings, principle for laboratory diagnosis and control of individual microbes
1. The Staphylococci, The Streptococci, & The Neisseriae 2 hr
2. Enteric GramNegative Rods (Enterobacteriaceae) 2 hr
Escherichia, Shigellae, &Salmonella
3. Vibrios, & Helicobacter pylori 1 hr
4. Anaerobic Bacteria 1 hr
- Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Clostridum
(C. tetani, C. perfringens, C. botulinum, C. difficile)
- Non-Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria
5. Mycobacteria: M. Tuberculosi 1 hr
6. Corynebacterium C. Diphtheriae 1 hr
7. Spirochetes & Other Spiral Microorganism 2 hr
- Leptospira & Leptospirosis
- Treponema
8. Mycoplasmas & Cell wall-defective bacteria 0.5 hr
9. Rickettsial Diseases 0.5 hr
10. Chlamydiae 1 hr
III. Mycology 2 hr
1. General properties & classification of fungi 0.5 hr
2. Growth and isolation of fungi 0.5 hr
3. Clinical manifestations 1 hr
- Superficial mycoses
- Cutaneous mycoses
- Subcutaneous mycoses
- Systemic mycoses
- Opportunistic mycoses
IV. Virology 16 hr
1. General Properties of Viruses 2 hr
- Morphology, structure and chemical composition of viruses
- Cultivation & assay of viruses
- Replication of viruses
- Genetics of human viruses
- Natural history & modes of transmission of Viruses
2. Pathogenesis & Control of Viral Diseases 2 hr
3. Viruses Associated with Respiratory Infections 2 hr
- Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza Virus
- Paramyxovirus & Rubella Viruses: Parainfluenza Virus, Measles, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Mumps virus, Rubella Virus& Adenovirus Replication of viruses
4. Viruses Associated with Gastrointestinal Tract Infections 1 hr
- Enterovirus & Rotavirus
- Piliovirus, Coxsackievirus, ECHO, & Others, Reoviridae & Rotavirus
5. Hepatitis Virus 3 hr
6. Herpesviridae: 2 hr
HSV, Human Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, & HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8.
7. HIV and Lentivirinae 2 hr
8. Rabies, Slow Virus Infections, & Prion Diseases 1 hr
9. Human Cancer Viruses 1 hr
IV. Parasitology
Principles of human Parasitology 2 hr
1. Preface 0.5 hr
- Hazardness of parasitic diseases
- Actuality of parasitoses in China and problems in the prevention and control of parasitoses
- Aspect of research and development on parasitology
2. Parasite biology and parasitosis 0.5 hr
- Parasite biology
- Host- parasite relationship
- Immunology of parasite infection
- Characters of parasitoses
3. Epidemiology, control and prevention of parasitoses 1 hr
- The basic links on the transmission of parasitoses
- Influencing the epidemiological factors
- Characters of parasitoses prevailing
- Measures on prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases
Medical helminthology 8 hr
1. Nematodes 2 hr
- Conspectus of nematoda
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Trichuris trichiura
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
- Trichinella spiralis
- Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
2. Trematodes 4 hr
- Conspectus of trematoda
- Clonorchis sinensis
- Fasciolopsis buski
- Paragonimus westwemani
- Pagumogonimus skrjabini
- Schistosome
3. Cestodes 2 hr
- Conspectus of cestode
- Taenia solium
- Taenia saginata
- Echinococcus granulosus
- Spirometra mansoni
Medical protozoa 6 hr
1. Conspectus of medical protozoa 1 hr
2. Class Lobosea 1 hr
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Entamoeba coli
- Pathogenic and self-generating amoeba
3. Class Zoomastigophorea 1 hr
- Leishmania donovani
- Giardia lamblia
- Trichomonas vaginalis
4. Class Sporozoa 3 hr
- Plasmodium
- Opportunistic protozoa:
Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium & Pneumocystis carinii
Medical Arthropod 4 hr
1. Conspectus 1 hr
- Concept and classification
- Harmfullness on human
- Prevention and cure for medical arthropod
2. Arachnida 2 hr
- Conspectus
- Tick
- Chigger mite
- Itch mite
- Demodex
3. Insecta 1 hr
- Conspectus
- Mosquito
- Fly
- Sand fly
- Flea
- Louse
Lab Practices
The laboratory-based content is designed to complement the lectures.
Exp. 1. Care and use of the microscope and microscopy of bacteria 3 hr
- Care and use of oil immersion objective
- Preparation of bacterial smears
- Gram stain
- Microscopy of bacteria: morphology, size, staining, special structures
Exp. 2. Cultivation and biochemical activities of bacteria 3 hr
- Prepare and select of bacterial culture media
- Inoculate the bacteria
- Describe bacterial growth pattern in different inoculating area & colony
- Important biochemical testing: principles and interpretation
Exp. 3. Distribution, disinfection and sterilization of bacteria 3 hr
- Isolate microorganisms in air, on human skin & on the mucous membrane of healthy human throat
- Methods for disinfection and sterilization: boiling and autoclaving, ultraviolet light, autoclaving
- Antibiotic sensitivity testing (Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Assay)
- Disk diffusion testing of disinfectants and antiseptics
Exp. 4. Staphylococci; Streptococci; Neisseriae 3 hr
- Gram-stain morphology for typical organisms
- Colonial morphology for typical organisms on blood-agar
- Coagulase test
- Latex antistreptolysin-O (ASO) test
- General procedure for isolating and identification of pathogenic cocci from pus
Exp. 5. Enteric gram-negative rods; Corynebacterium 3 hr
- General procedure for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae from fecal matter
- Growing patterns of enterobacteria on selective and deferential media (SS-plate and EBM plate)
- Biochemichal reaction features and motility of enterobacteria
- Antigenic-antibody tests: identification of salmonella bacteria by agglutination
- Widal test
- Albert staining
Exp. 6. Anaerobic bacteria, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, and Fungi 3 hr
- Culture and growing patterns of anaerobic bacteria
- Acid fast staining
- General procedure for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis
- Microscopic and colonial morphology of fungi
Exp. 7. Virus and other microorganisms 3 hr
- Cytopathic effect of virus
- Inclusion body
- Hemagglutination assays
- Hemagglutination inhibition test
- Microscopic morphology of Spirochete, Rickettsia & Chlamydia
II. Human parasitology:
Emphasis will be given on the observation of adult worm and ova specimen; intermediate host; vegetable vectors (if there is any) & larva in different development stages and principles for laboratory diagnosis
Exp. 1. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis 2 hr
Exp. 2. Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Trichinella spiralis, 2 hr Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi
Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciolopsis buski, Paragonimus westwemani, Pagumogonimus skrjabini
Exp. 3. Schistosome, reviewing trematoda 2 hr
Cestodes
Exp.4. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Leishmania donovani, 2 hr Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis
Exp. 5 Plasmodium, Opportunistic protozoa 2 hr Tick, Chigger mite, Itch mite, Demodex, Mosquito, Fly, Sand fly, Flea, Louse
STRUCTURE:
This course is provided with 64 hr of theoretical lectures and 31 hr of lab practices.
Two lecture sessions, 2 hr each, will be held each week.
One weekly 3 hr (for microbiology) or 2 hr (for human parasitology) practical session will be held.
The final examination (2 hr) will contain multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions, and essay questions.
ORGANIZATION:
Each session will be offered to the entire class.
The lecturer will be responsible for taking attendance, collecting exam papers, and related matters.
EVALUATION:
Evaluation will be performed by written examinations (80 %), lab practical reports (15 %) and attendance at lectures and lab practices (5 %).
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK:
1. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology (LANGE Basic Science) 22nd Ed. by Geo F. Brooks, Janet S. Butel, Stephen A. Morse. 2001 McGraw-Hill/People’s Medical Publishing House of China
2. Medical Microbiology: A Guide to Microbial Infections Pathogenesis, Immunity, Laboratory Diagnosis and Control by David Greenwood, John F. Peutherer, Richard C.B. Slack. 2002 Elsevier Science Health Science div
3. Human Parasitology (Paperback) by 2nd Edition Bogitsh and Cheng. 2006 Academic Press
SUPPLEMENTARY READING:
1. Murray’s. Medical Microbiology, 5th Ed.
2. MIM’s Medical Microbiology, Updated Edition, 3rd Ed.
3. Human Parasitology, 3rd Ed by Burton J. Bogitsh, Clint E. Carter, Thomas N. Oeltmann.
4. Atlas of Human Parasitology, 4th Ed by Lawrence R. Ash, Thomas C. Orihel.
TEACHING TEAM:
Faculty:
Prof. Jie Yan
Tel: 88208297
Email: med_bp@zju.edu.cn
Rm 802, Block C, Research Building, School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus
Associate Prof. Yafei Mao
Tel: 88208294
Email: myf@zju.edu.cn
Rm 803, Block C, Research Building, School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus
Associate Prof. Liwei Li
Tel: 88208294
Email: lilw2@zju.edu.cn
Rm 803, Block C, Research Building, School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus
Associate Prof. Huiqin Peng
Tel: 88208295
Email: penghuiqin501@163.com
Rm 801, Block C, Research Building, School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus
Associate Prof. Jing Qian
Tel: 88208295
Email: jingqian@zju.edu.cn
Rm 801, Block C, Research Building, School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus
Invited speaker: Will be arranged if necessary